一、沼氣預處理：保障發(fā)電質(zhì)量的基礎

1、 Biogas pretreatment: the foundation for ensuring power generation quality

沼氣通常產(chǎn)生于養殖場(chǎng)、污水處理廠(chǎng)、垃圾填埋場(chǎng)等場(chǎng)所，成分復雜，除了主要的甲烷（CH）外，還含有二氧化碳、硫化氫、水分以及固體雜質(zhì)等。為了保證沼氣發(fā)電機組的穩定運行和發(fā)電效率，進(jìn)入機組前，沼氣必須經(jīng)過(guò)嚴格的預處理。

Biogas is usually produced in breeding farms, sewage treatment plants, landfills, and other places, with complex components. In addition to the main methane (CH), it also contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and solid impurities. In order to ensure the stable operation and power generation efficiency of the biogas generator set, the biogas must undergo strict pretreatment before entering the unit.

首先，通過(guò)氣水分離器去除沼氣中的水分。水分的存在不僅會(huì )降低沼氣的熱值，還可能對后續設備造成腐蝕。接著(zhù)，利用脫硫裝置處理沼氣中的硫化氫。硫化氫具有腐蝕性且有毒，會(huì )損害發(fā)動(dòng)機的氣缸、活塞等部件，還會(huì )污染環(huán)境。環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機組常采用干法脫硫或濕法脫硫技術(shù)，干法脫硫通過(guò)氧化鐵等脫硫劑與硫化氫發(fā)生化學(xué)反應，將其轉化為硫化鐵；濕法脫硫則利用堿性溶液吸收硫化氫。經(jīng)過(guò)脫硫處理后，沼氣中的硫化氫含量可降至符合發(fā)電機組運行要求的標準。最后，通過(guò)過(guò)濾器去除沼氣中的固體顆粒雜質(zhì)，確保進(jìn)入機組的沼氣清潔純凈，為后續發(fā)電過(guò)程奠定基礎。

Firstly, remove the moisture from the biogas through a gas water separator. The presence of moisture not only reduces the calorific value of biogas, but may also cause corrosion to subsequent equipment. Next, use a desulfurization device to treat hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide is corrosive and toxic, and can damage engine components such as cylinders and pistons, as well as pollute the environment. The environmental energy biogas generator set often adopts dry desulfurization or wet desulfurization technology. Dry desulfurization involves a chemical reaction between desulfurizing agents such as iron oxide and hydrogen sulfide to convert it into iron sulfide; Wet desulfurization utilizes alkaline solution to absorb hydrogen sulfide. After desulfurization treatment, the hydrogen sulfide content in biogas can be reduced to the standard that meets the operating requirements of the generator set. Finally, solid particles and impurities in the biogas are removed through a filter to ensure the cleanliness and purity of the biogas entering the unit, laying the foundation for the subsequent power generation process.

二、燃燒做功：化學(xué)能轉化為機械能

2、 Combustion work: conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy

經(jīng)過(guò)預處理的沼氣進(jìn)入發(fā)動(dòng)機的氣缸，與空氣按照一定比例混合形成可燃混合氣。此時(shí)，活塞處于壓縮行程，將可燃混合氣壓縮，使其溫度和壓力升高。當活塞接近上止點(diǎn)時(shí)，火花塞產(chǎn)生電火花，點(diǎn)燃可燃混合氣?；旌蠚庋杆偃紵?，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓的燃氣，推動(dòng)活塞向下運動(dòng)，通過(guò)連桿帶動(dòng)曲軸旋轉，將沼氣的化學(xué)能轉化為機械能。這一過(guò)程類(lèi)似于傳統的汽油或柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機的工作原理，但由于沼氣的燃燒特性與汽油、柴油不同，環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機組對發(fā)動(dòng)機的點(diǎn)火系統、進(jìn)氣系統等進(jìn)行了專(zhuān)門(mén)設計和優(yōu)化，以確保沼氣能夠充分燃燒，提高能源利用效率。

The pre treated biogas enters the cylinder of the engine and mixes with air in a certain proportion to form a combustible mixture. At this point, the piston is in the compression stroke, compressing the combustible mixture and increasing its temperature and pressure. When the piston approaches the top dead center, the spark plug generates an electric spark, igniting the combustible mixture. The mixed gas burns rapidly, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which drives the piston to move downward and rotates the crankshaft through the connecting rod, converting the chemical energy of biogas into mechanical energy. This process is similar to the working principle of traditional gasoline or diesel engines, but due to the different combustion characteristics of biogas from gasoline and diesel, the environmental energy biogas generator set has specially designed and optimized the ignition system, intake system, etc. of the engine to ensure that biogas can be fully burned and improve energy utilization efficiency.

三、發(fā)電環(huán)節：機械能轉化為電能

3、 Power generation process: converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

發(fā)動(dòng)機曲軸的旋轉運動(dòng)通過(guò)聯(lián)軸器傳遞給發(fā)電機的轉子。發(fā)電機主要由定子和轉子兩部分組成，轉子在旋轉過(guò)程中，其內部的磁場(chǎng)與定子繞組相互切割磁力線(xiàn)，根據電磁感應原理，在定子繞組中產(chǎn)生感應電動(dòng)勢，從而將機械能轉化為電能。環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機組通常采用三相交流同步發(fā)電機，產(chǎn)生的交流電經(jīng)過(guò)整流器整流，將交流電轉換為直流電，再通過(guò)逆變器將直流電轉換為符合電網(wǎng)標準或用戶(hù)需求的交流電，最終實(shí)現電能的輸出。

The rotational motion of the engine crankshaft is transmitted to the rotor of the generator through a coupling. The generator is mainly composed of two parts: the stator and the rotor. During the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic field inside it cuts through the magnetic field lines with the stator winding. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the stator winding, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The environmental energy biogas generator set usually uses a three-phase AC synchronous generator. The generated AC power is rectified by a rectifier, converted into DC power, and then converted into AC power that meets the grid standards or user needs through an inverter, ultimately achieving the output of electrical energy.

四、控制系統：保障穩定高效發(fā)電

4、 Control system: Ensure stable and efficient power generation

為了確保環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機組的穩定運行和高效發(fā)電，設備配備了先進(jìn)的智能控制系統。該系統實(shí)時(shí)監測沼氣的成分、壓力、流量，以及發(fā)動(dòng)機的轉速、溫度、潤滑油壓力，發(fā)電機的輸出電壓、電流等關(guān)鍵參數。一旦某個(gè)參數出現異常，控制系統能夠迅速做出反應，例如自動(dòng)調節沼氣和空氣的進(jìn)氣量，以保證可燃混合氣的最佳比例；當發(fā)動(dòng)機溫度過(guò)高時(shí)，自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)冷卻系統進(jìn)行降溫；當發(fā)電機輸出電壓不穩定時(shí)，調整逆變器的工作參數，確保輸出穩定的電能。此外，控制系統還具備故障診斷和報警功能，能夠及時(shí)發(fā)現設備故障，并通過(guò)聲光報警等方式提示操作人員進(jìn)行處理，大大提高了設備的可靠性和安全性。?

In order to ensure the stable operation and efficient power generation of the environmental energy biogas generator set, the equipment is equipped with an advanced intelligent control system. The system monitors the composition, pressure, and flow rate of biogas in real-time, as well as key parameters such as engine speed, temperature, lubricating oil pressure, and generator output voltage and current. Once a parameter is abnormal, the control system can quickly respond, such as automatically adjusting the intake of biogas and air to ensure the optimal ratio of combustible mixture; When the engine temperature is too high, the cooling system automatically starts to cool down; When the output voltage of the generator is unstable, adjust the working parameters of the inverter to ensure stable output of electrical energy. In addition, the control system also has fault diagnosis and alarm functions, which can timely detect equipment faults and prompt operators to handle them through sound and light alarms, greatly improving the reliability and safety of the equipment. ?

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